Rhinoplasty is one of the most popular plastic surgery, with manipulation of the nose. The aim of this procedure is to restore the correct shape of the nose, which was broken as a result of injury, disease or congenital abnormalities.
History of the development of
You may think that rhinoplasty is a recent invention, and to use the services of the surgeons completely alone stars and models. This is not so. The first mention of the technique of recovery of the nose dates back to antiquity. Similar operations were carried out in India 1000 years BC., Indian doctors had repaired the damaged nose, when the skin of the cheek of the patient.
In europe, the rhinoplasty has been developed in the middle ages. Italian surgeons described his own method to re-shape the nose skin of the face. In the 19th century, such activities have received new impetus, thanks to the efforts of the English and German doctors. There is a new method, based on the experience of Indian surgeons.
Initially, the purpose of the rhinoplasty was to fix the nose, cosmetic and aesthetic factors have been important in the late 20th century.
Medical indications for rhinoplasty
Any plastic surgery can be called the creative process, and rhinoplasty is no exception. It combines the solution of aesthetic problems of the restoration or preservation of the functions of the authority (normal nasal breathing).
Thus, this measure can engage in both therapeutic and aesthetic purposes. It is best to do the surgery at the age of 25-30 years, when the cartilage is fully formed. Of course, the recommended age may vary depending on individual circumstances.
Medical indications:
- Violation of nasal breathing or complete lack of it.
- Traumatic injuries that have led to changes and deformation of cartilage and bones.
- The physiological and compensatory curvature of the nasal septum.
- Congenital curvature or deformity of the nasal septum.
- Cysts and polyps in the nose.
- Hypertrophy of the turbinates.
Disruption of the anatomical structure of the nose cause a variety of operational problems and pathological conditions. This can include: otitis media, rhinosinusitis, asthma, snoring, frequent respiratory infections, atrophy or hypertrophy of the mucous membrane of the nose, difficulty in nasal breathing.
Especially dangerous violation of nasal breathing children. It can cause oxygen starvation of the brain, leading to mental and physical developmental delays. The operation to restore the respiratory function can be determined 18.
Aesthetic indications for rhinoplasty
More than half of the operations change the shape of the nose done for cosmetic reasons. Patients want to achieve harmony in appearance. Aesthetic indications for plastic surgery can be divided into two subgroups:
- Goal. When the nose is disproportionate in size, shape.
- Subjective. This subgroup includes, above all, psychological reasons related to the assessment of their appearance. For example, the patient, such as a small hump or upside down.
Psychological causes are often associated with professional or social environment. The patient's complexes, acute dissatisfaction with their appearance.
Aesthetic indications:
- It's a deviated septum.
- Acquired and congenital malformations.
- Excessively large size in relation to the face, when the nose looks too big or too small.
- Saddle nose shape.
- Bump.
- Too open nostrils.
- Unattractive form, when the tip of the nose-branch, drops, raised, thickened, or pointed out.
- Asymmetry of the nose.
- Correction as a result of a failed rhinoplasty.
It is important to understand that the result of the operation is not always possible to get perfect results. Surgery, there are limitations, that is why rhinoplasty should be seen as a repair to an existing form.
Contraindications
Before surgery, many patients are recommended to see a psychologist. There are cases, when the patient is in the normal shape of the nose without aesthetic or functional disorders. Then the problem will be solved when working with a psychologist.
Plastic surgeons can produce specific measurements, and to say exactly if there are any defects. There are certain parameters, which can be used to assess how the shape of the nose and the harmony of its position relative to the forehead, eyes, mouth, chin, ears. The advice of the doctor, you can simulate on a computer the alleged appearance after surgery.
Contra-indications:
- Age limit you. Surgery is not recommended before 18 and after 40 years. These restrictions can be removed, because of objective reasons.
- Diabetes, kidney disease, liver, cardiovascular system.
- Folliculitis and acne in the nose area.
- Blood clotting.
- Oncology.
- Mental illness.
- During the menstrual period.
Type nose
Depending on the goals and techniques to perform surgical procedures rhinoplasty is divided into several types.
Goals of rhinoplasty may be:
- Reconstructive. This resurgence of violations, which arose due to diseases, injuries, defects and fetal development.
- Aesthetic. This is a correction of cosmetic defects.
During the operation can be performed:
- Increase or reduce the nose.
- The removal of the hump.
- Repair of saddle nose shapes, that is, the elimination of recess.
- Repair the shape of the tip of the nose.
- Septoplastia (this is a correction of the nasal septum).
- Post-traumatic reconstruction.
According to the method used for cutting can be open and closed. Private method, used for the aesthetic function, because it is less traumatic. In this case, all incisions are made inside the nasal cavity. The skin is separated from cartilage and the surgeon can easily adjust the shape to work with bone and cartilage tissue, to remove excess or add implants. After manipulating the breakdown neatly filed.
Open rhinoplasty is used in severe cases, to repair the serious changes and perform a large number of transactions. The cut is made in the skin crease between the wings of the nose. In this case, the surgeon gains access to the tissues, cartilage and bones. Healing with this method takes longer, it is still noticeable postoperative scar.
Non-surgical rhinoplasty
Non-surgical rhinoplasty is not an alternative to surgical intervention. However, there are methods to fix the minor bugs.
Rhinoplasty fillers (cosmetic gel) helps to fix small imperfections, soften sharp angles, restore symmetry, to change the shape of the tip. Use of fillers allows you to disguise a small bump, to remove the hollowness, rounded tip.
The recovery period after surgery is easier, the price is low compared to full-scale operations. However, the effect of fillers continues just a few months (maximum 1.5 year). In some cases, the injection is formed in the connective tissue, and the external effect of the procedure lasts for many years. But often require a second procedure. There is a complication: the migration of use of the gel and the structure changes of fabrics after repeated injections.
With the help of injections not only increase, but also to remove the tissue. There are preparations, which has a hormonal basis, which can remove bumps, ridges, and in some cases even hump. The introduction of these medicines is very important to be careful. Often the procedure is performed in several stages. After 2-3 weeks there will be a significant result.
With the help of special threads you can adjust the shape of the wings, the nose and even pull up the tip. Insert the wire through the hole, which can form scars. Wire can break, because the movement of the nose. For these reasons, surgeons rarely resort to such procedure.
Preparation for surgery
Successful operation requires the cooperation of the patient and the doctor. Before the intervention of the consultation where the surgeon explains to the patient that he can achieve the desired result.
Carry out General investigations: blood count, coagulation study, urinalysis, ECG, tests for HIV, hepatitis, syphilis.
If necessary, conducted a special investigation, has. If you have a chronic disease, you must consult your doctor or relevant expert. The intervention should be postponed if an exacerbation of chronic diseases, occurrence of acute respiratory diseases or infectious skin lesions. Before surgery meeting with the anesthesiologist.
Your doctor may recommend to abstain from alcohol, Smoking, eliminate junk food, stop sleeping pills and sedatives. Two weeks before the intervention is necessary to stop aspirin and its analogues.
Complications
Rhinoplasty is one of the most complex plastic surgery important aesthetic and functional side. Problems arise depending on various factors of 4-15% of patients. They can be divided into operational and aftercare.
Operative complications:
- bleeding;
- breaks in the skin;
- violation of the integrity or fractures of the bones;
- the separation of the cartilage flap, etc.
Postoperative complications:
- loss of smell;
- the loss or reduction of sensitivity of the nose and the lower lip;
- obstruction of nasal breathing;
- atrophic rhinitis;
- deterioration correct a cosmetic defect or lack of changes;
- psychological complications (patient does not accept the changes in appearance, he does not like the new face);
- swelling of the nose and inflammation of the eyelids, suppuration;
- pigmentation of the skin, scar formation, capillary network;
- repeated or prolonged nosebleeds;
- necrosis.
The most dangerous complication, which can occur during the rhinoplasty is an allergic reaction to the anesthesia. Anaphylactic shock can cause death in 20% of cases.
Recovery time
The patient can leave the hospital a few hours after the surgery or stay overnight for observation. The main recovery after the repair of the nose lasts for 3 weeks. Full restoration will come only after six months or one year.
The seams and plaster Longuet removed 1.5 weeks. Yet 2 weeks will not be able to take a hot bath, wash your face with hot water – it can cause bleeding, bruising, swelling of the face and neck. Need to sleep back reclining. You can't bend down, lift weights. In dusty areas should wear a mask.
Three months should be thoroughly protected from bumps and pressure on the nose, do not use glasses, masks, hard hats. It is forbidden to use the pool and sunbathe. The surgeon may also set other restrictions dictated by the individual patient's condition.
Activity results
The healing of cartilage and bone tissue takes several months. The end result is that the surgeon and the patient can be assessed approximately 8 months. The decision to do rhinoplasty (especially if you are not completely clear, certificate) can be perceived negatively, therefore, the patient should be prepared for mixed reactions from family and friends.
Relatives may be unhappy with the loss of familial or ethnic characteristics. However, often the patient himself and his family, I haven't noticed much impact from such an operation, because the swelling will hide the changes will come gradually.
Rhinoplasty is quite capable to change the appearance, but don't assume that using plastic surgery is possible without restrictions to model all present in the fantasy. Any surgery is risky, can cause complications and even aggravation of the fault. Therefore, caring for such measures should be taken seriously, carefully weigh the potential benefits and risk of negative consequences.